{"id":5616,"date":"2024-12-04T21:51:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T19:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/?post_type=kamen&#038;p=5616"},"modified":"2025-03-23T00:03:25","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T22:03:25","slug":"diaspor","status":"publish","type":"kamen","link":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/kamen\/diaspor\/","title":{"rendered":"Diaspor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed drah\u00fd k\u00e1men. \u010casto se lze setkat t\u00e9\u017e s&nbsp;pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm zultanit \u010di csarit (oba tyto n\u00e1zvy jsou pouze obchodn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed diasporu). Diaspor byl objeven v roce 1801 ve st\u0159edn\u00edm \u0158ecku. N\u00e1zev mu dal francouzsk\u00fd mineralog Ren\u00e9 J. Ha\u00fcy, kter\u00fd jej pojmenoval podle \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova<em> diaspora <\/em>(<em>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac<\/em>), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed nebo rozklad. Toto jm\u00e9no odkazuje na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnost diasporu, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed nebo \u00faderu rozpad\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u010dkoli byl diaspor objeven u\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed, jeho v\u00fdznam pro klenotnictv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1val dlouhou dobu omezen\u00fd a teprve v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch si z\u00edskal pozornost d\u00edky sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti m\u011bnit barvu a vysok\u00e9 \u010distot\u011b krystal\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly objeveny v Turecku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vlastnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor je hydroxid hlinit\u00fd s&nbsp;chemick\u00fdm vzorcem AlO(OH) a pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny miner\u00e1l\u016f boehmitu a gibbsitu. Jeho chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. Jednou z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed diasporu je jeho pleochroismus (schopnost m\u011bnit barvu podle \u00fahlu pohledu) a zm\u011bna barvy v z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u011bteln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Ve dne (p\u0159i p\u0159irozen\u00e9m sv\u011btle) se m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako zelenav\u00fd, olivov\u011b zelen\u00fd \u010di hn\u011bdo\u017elut\u00fd, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i um\u011bl\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdch a\u017e \u010dervenofialov\u00fdch t\u00f3n\u016f. Tato unik\u00e1tn\u00ed schopnost zm\u011bny barvy, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako alexandritov\u00fd efekt, zvy\u0161uje jeho atraktivitu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve \u0161perc\u00edch. Vz\u00e1cn\u011b se lze u diasporu, kter\u00fd byl vybrou\u0161en do formy kabo\u0161onu, setkat s&nbsp;jevem ko\u010di\u010d\u00edho oka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor m\u00e1 relativn\u011b vysok\u00fd index lomu, kter\u00fd se pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 1,702\u20131,750. Jeho tvrdost je podle Mohsovy stupnice&nbsp; 6,5\u20137. Dokonal\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bpnost diasporu ve sm\u011bru paraleln\u00edm s vertik\u00e1lou znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k rozlomen\u00ed p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Kv\u016fli t\u00e9to vlastnosti vy\u017eaduje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed opatrnost p\u0159i \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a zasazov\u00e1n\u00ed do \u0161perk\u016f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geneze<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor vznik\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch lo\u017eisc\u00edch a metamorfovan\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, kde se tvo\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s jin\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly bohat\u00fdmi hlin\u00edkem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm miner\u00e1lem (vznik\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bnou prim\u00e1rn\u00edch miner\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i zv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bauxitov\u00fdch lo\u017eisek, kter\u00e1 jsou hlavn\u00edm zdrojem hlin\u00edku). Jeho geneze je \u00fazce spjata s tvorbou miner\u00e1l\u016f bohat\u00fdch hlin\u00edkem v tropick\u00fdch a subtropick\u00fdch oblastech, kde se vyskytuje bauxit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdskyt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historicky bylo prvn\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b diasporu objeveno v \u0158ecku, ale v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina diaspor\u016f drahokamov\u00e9 kvality z Turecka. Tureck\u00fd diaspor, obchodn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako zultanit nebo csarit, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jedin\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 lokality v poho\u0159\u00ed Ilbir v z\u00e1padn\u00edm Turecku. Tato nalezi\u0161t\u011b jsou cen\u011bna pro svou produkci vysoce kvalitn\u00edch krystal\u016f, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed v\u00fdraznou schopnost zm\u011bny barvy a vysokou pr\u016fhlednost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor nalezen\u00fd v Turecku u \u0159eky Menderes v&nbsp;distriktu Yata\u011fan&nbsp;v&nbsp;provincii Mu\u011fla je \u010dasto pr\u016fzra\u010dn\u00fd, \u010dist\u00fd a ve velk\u00fdch krystalech. Jeho cena u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a dokonal\u00fdch kus\u016f je velmi vysok\u00e1. Mimo Turecko byly men\u0161\u00ed krystaly nalezeny t\u00e9\u017e v&nbsp;Myanmaru a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Imitace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diaspor je relativn\u011b \u010dasto imitov\u00e1n apatitem, syntetick\u00fdm barvom\u011bnn\u00fdm sklem, syntetick\u00fdm saf\u00edrem atd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syntetick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syntetick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba diasporu je zn\u00e1ma, ale pro klenotnick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed se nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historie Diaspor je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed drah\u00fd k\u00e1men. \u010casto se lze setkat t\u00e9\u017e s&nbsp;pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm zultanit \u010di csarit (oba tyto n\u00e1zvy jsou pouze obchodn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed diasporu). Diaspor byl objeven v roce 1801 ve st\u0159edn\u00edm \u0158ecku. N\u00e1zev mu dal francouzsk\u00fd mineralog Ren\u00e9 J. Ha\u00fcy, kter\u00fd jej pojmenoval podle \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova diaspora (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7682,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-5616","kamen","type-kamen","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen\/5616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kamen"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}