{"id":5617,"date":"2024-12-04T21:52:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T19:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/?post_type=kamen&#038;p=5617"},"modified":"2025-03-21T13:27:43","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T11:27:43","slug":"enstatit","status":"publish","type":"kamen","link":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/kamen\/enstatit\/","title":{"rendered":"Enstatit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enstatit byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e ho v roce 1855 pojmenoval n\u011bmeck\u00fd mineralog Gustav Rose. Jeho n\u00e1zev poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova <em>enstates<\/em> (<em>\u1f10\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/em>), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 protivn\u00edk nebo odporuj\u00edc\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1zev odkazuje na jeho schopnost odol\u00e1vat taven\u00ed v laborato\u0159i p\u0159i pokusech o jeho roztaven\u00ed. Enstatit byl poprv\u00e9 nalezen na r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1c po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b N\u011bmecka, ale jeho v\u00fdznam a \u010detnost pou\u017eit\u00ed ve \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed se za\u010daly zvy\u0161ovat a\u017e s rozvojem modern\u00ed gemologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vlastnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enstatit m\u00e1 chemick\u00fd vzorec MgSiO\u2083 a pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny ortopyroxen\u016f. Jeho chemick\u00e1 struktura m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bna p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed \u017eeleza, proto\u017ee enstatit je m\u00edsiv\u00fd, tedy p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v&nbsp;hypersten FeSiO\u2083. Enstatit m\u00e1 podle Mohsovy stupnice tvrdost mezi 5 a\u017e 6 a jeho index lomu sv\u011btla se pohybuje mezi 1,65 a 1,67.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdskyt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enstatit se vyskytuje v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le barev, v\u010detn\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, \u0161ed\u00e9 a \u017elutozelen\u00e9. Jeho barva z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomnosti p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na \u017eeleza, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed t\u00f3n miner\u00e1lu. \u010cist\u011b ho\u0159e\u010dnat\u00fd enstatit je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezbarv\u00fd a\u017e sv\u011btl\u00fd, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi \u017eeleza zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed tmav\u0161\u00ed barvy, kter\u00e9 jsou charakteristick\u00e9 pro druh\u00fd koncov\u00fd \u010dlen stejn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159ady \u2013 hypersthen. Bezbarv\u00e9 nebo jen slab\u011b na\u017eloutl\u00e9 enstatity jsou ze sb\u011bratelsk\u00e9ho hlediska nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enstatit se vyskytuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v magmatick\u00fdch a metamorfovan\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na v ultramafick\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, jako je peridotit, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed vrstvy zemsk\u00e9 k\u016fry a svrchn\u00edho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 vyskytovat v pegmatitech a serpentinitech. Enstatit je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch miner\u00e1l\u016f, proto\u017ee byl nalezen v meteoritech, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdvoje slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enstatit je pom\u011brn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm miner\u00e1lem vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edm se na Zemi. Drahokamov\u00e9 enstatity jsou velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, vyskytuj\u00ed se nap\u0159. na Sr\u00ed Lance. Enstatit z&nbsp;tohoto nalezi\u0161t\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto velmi \u010dist\u00fd a vykazuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd efekt ko\u010di\u010d\u00edho oka, co\u017e ho \u010din\u00ed velmi atraktivn\u00edm pro klenotn\u00edky a sb\u011bratele. Z&nbsp;Myanmaru takt\u00e9\u017e poch\u00e1zej\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed enstatity. Enstatity z&nbsp;Tanzanie maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou zelenou nebo \u010dast\u011bji hn\u011bdou barvu, stejn\u011b jako ty z&nbsp;Madagaskaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Imitace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeliko\u017e enstatit je typicky sb\u00edrkov\u00fd drah\u00fd k\u00e1men, b\u011b\u017en\u011b se \u00famysln\u011b neimituje, ob\u010das m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak b\u00fdt ne\u00famysln\u011b zam\u011bn\u011bn za jin\u00e9 sb\u00edrkov\u00e9 drah\u00e9 kameny.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syntetick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syntetick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba enstatitu je ji\u017e dob\u0159e zvl\u00e1dnuta, ale na trhu se prakticky ned\u00e1 se syntetick\u00fdm enstatitem setkat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Historie Enstatit byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e ho v roce 1855 pojmenoval n\u011bmeck\u00fd mineralog Gustav Rose. Jeho n\u00e1zev poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova enstates (\u1f10\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), co\u017e znamen\u00e1 protivn\u00edk nebo odporuj\u00edc\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1zev odkazuje na jeho schopnost odol\u00e1vat taven\u00ed v laborato\u0159i p\u0159i pokusech o jeho roztaven\u00ed. Enstatit byl poprv\u00e9 nalezen na r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1c po cel\u00e9m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7624,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-5617","kamen","type-kamen","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen\/5617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kamen"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}