{"id":5693,"date":"2024-12-06T21:15:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T19:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/?post_type=kamen&p=5693"},"modified":"2025-03-21T12:25:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T10:25:35","slug":"spinel","status":"publish","type":"kamen","link":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/kamen\/spinel\/","title":{"rendered":"Spinel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spinel je jedn\u00edm z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f, kter\u00fd sice nedo\u017eene cenou saf\u00edry a rub\u00edny, nicm\u00e9n\u011b kvalitou a kr\u00e1sou je s nimi pln\u011b srovnateln\u00fd. Spinel byl dlouho zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n za jin\u00e9 drah\u00e9 kameny, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za rub\u00edny a saf\u00edry, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo mnoho zmatk\u016f v historii \u0161perk\u016f. Slavn\u00fd \u010derven\u00fd spinel, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Rub\u00edn \u010cern\u00e9ho prince (Black Prince\u2019s Ruby), kter\u00fd je zasazen\u00fd v britsk\u00e9 korun\u011b, byl po stalet\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za rub\u00edn, dokud nebyl v 19. stolet\u00ed identifikov\u00e1n jako spinel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1zev spinel poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho slova spina<\/em>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 trn nebo hrot a odkazuje na \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9 krystaly, kter\u00e9 spinel zpravidla tvo\u0159\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed popis miner\u00e1lu se datuje do st\u0159edov\u011bku, av\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed jeho chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed a identifikace jako samostatn\u00e9ho drah\u00e9ho kamene se rozvinuly a\u017e v modern\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vlastnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spinel pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny oxid\u016f a jeho chemick\u00fd vzorec je MgAl2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>, je to tedy oxid ho\u0159e\u010dnato-hlinit\u00fd. Spinel je velmi tvrd\u00fd miner\u00e1l s v\u00fdborn\u00fdmi optick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed drah\u00fd k\u00e1men pro \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed, a je zn\u00e1m\u00fd pro svou \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu barev, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 od \u010derven\u00e9, modr\u00e9, r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9, fialov\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9 a neatraktivn\u00ed hn\u011bd\u00e9 a\u017e po vz\u00e1cnou zelenou \u010di zcela b\u011b\u017enou \u010dernou. Nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejcen\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou \u010derven\u00e9 spinely, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za rub\u00edny, a modr\u00e9 spinely, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed saf\u00edry. Barva spinelu je zp\u016fsobena p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch stopov\u00fdch prvk\u016f, jako je chrom (\u010derven\u00e9 spinely) \u010di \u017eelezo nebo kobalt (modr\u00e9 spinely). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi vz\u00e1cn\u011b se lze rovn\u011b\u017e setkat se spinely, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b siln\u00fd alexandritov\u00fd efekt (na denn\u00edm sv\u011btle maj\u00ed jinou barvu ne\u017e na um\u011bl\u00e9m sv\u011btle), a d\u00e1le se n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i se spinely, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed asterismus ve form\u011b \u010dty\u0159c\u00edp\u00e9 nebo \u0161estic\u00edp\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Spinel m\u00e1 podle Mohsovy stupnice tvrdost 8 a jeho index lomu je 1,712 a\u017e 1,717. Spinel nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou \u0161t\u011bpnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geneze<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spinel se tvo\u0159\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, nej\u010dast\u011bji v metamorfovan\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, jako jsou mramory, a d\u00e1le v magmatick\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch. Ve sv\u00fdch nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob\u00e1ch je \u010dasto nach\u00e1zen v n\u00e1plavov\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch, kde se koncentruje spole\u010dn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi drah\u00fdmi kameny, jako jsou saf\u00edry nebo rub\u00edny. Spinel je odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di erozi, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat v t\u011bchto sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch lo\u017eisc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mramorech vznik\u00e1 spinel b\u011bhem vysokotlak\u00e9 a vysokoteplotn\u00ed metamorf\u00f3zy, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 interakce mezi ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem a hlin\u00edkem vede k jeho krystalizaci. V magmatick\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, jako jsou bazalty, m\u016f\u017ee vznikat jako produkt magmatick\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskyt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spinel se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na mnoha m\u00edstech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ale pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 lokality produkuj\u00ed spinely vhodn\u00e9 pro \u0161perka\u0159sk\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi tyto lokality pat\u0159\u00ed oblast Mogoku v Myanmaru \u010di Ratnapura na Sr\u00ed Lance, stejn\u011b tak oblast Luc Yen v provincii Yen Bai ve Vietnamu. P\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a n\u011bkdy a\u017e extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00e9 jsou syt\u011b r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 spinely z Mahenge v Tanzanii nebo z lokality Kukh-i Lal v Pam\u00edru v T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nu. Pestrobarevn\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed i na lokalit\u011b Umba, Songeo a Tunduru v Tanzanii a na Madagaskaru. Ostatn\u00ed lokality, jako nap\u0159. Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, produkuj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edch kamen\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00daprava kvality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkdy je barva spinel\u016f upravov\u00e1na \u201e\u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c a jejich \u010distota se ob\u010das zlep\u0161uje olejov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imitace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Spinel je \u010dasto imitov\u00e1n jin\u00fdmi drah\u00fdmi kameny, jeliko\u017e (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b) ceny kvalitn\u00edch spinel\u016f vyst\u0159elily do astronomick\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (n\u011bkdy i ne\u00famysln\u00e9) imitace spinelu pat\u0159\u00ed saf\u00edry, rub\u00edny \u010di gran\u00e1ty, z um\u011ble vyroben\u00fdch materi\u00e1lu pak nej\u010dast\u011bji syntetick\u00fd spinel a sklo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syntetick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e na sam\u00e9m konci 19. stolet\u00ed byla vyvinuta metoda pro syntetickou v\u00fdrobu spinelu pomoc\u00ed Verneuilovy metody. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stol. je dodnes b\u011b\u017en\u011b syntetick\u00fd spinel vyr\u00e1b\u011bn a je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f, zejm\u00e9na pro modr\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9 kameny. Syntetick\u00fd spinel je snadno dostupn\u00fd a b\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve \u0161perc\u00edch ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenov\u00e9 hladiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investi\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z investi\u010dn\u00edho hlediska jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e9 spinely velmi dobrou volbou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historie Spinel je jedn\u00edm z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f, kter\u00fd sice nedo\u017eene cenou saf\u00edry a rub\u00edny, nicm\u00e9n\u011b kvalitou a kr\u00e1sou je s nimi pln\u011b srovnateln\u00fd. Spinel byl dlouho zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n za jin\u00e9 drah\u00e9 kameny, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za rub\u00edny a saf\u00edry, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo mnoho zmatk\u016f v historii \u0161perk\u016f. Slavn\u00fd \u010derven\u00fd spinel, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Rub\u00edn \u010cern\u00e9ho prince (Black Prince\u2019s Ruby), kter\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":7592,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-5693","kamen","type-kamen","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen\/5693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kamen"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kamen"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.e-gems.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}